See twiʀnēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*twīnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *twīnian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *twīnian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "twynen",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: twynen\nEnglish: twine\nScots: twine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: twynen\nEnglish: twine\nScots: twine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*twīnia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *twīnia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *twīnia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twienje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: twienje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: twienje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "twynje",
"3": "twine"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: twynje, twine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: twynje, twine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*twirnōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *twirnōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *twirnōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "twernen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: twernen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: twernen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "twernen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: twernen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: twernen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*twirnon",
"3": "*twīnon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *twirnon, *twīnon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *twirnon, *twīnon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "twernen",
"3": "twinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: twernen, twinen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: twernen, twinen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "tweernen",
"3": "twijnen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: tweernen, twijnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: tweernen, twijnen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zwirnēn",
"3": "zwirnōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: zwirnēn, zwirnōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: zwirnēn, zwirnōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zwirnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zwirnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zwirnen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zwirnen"
},
"expansion": "German: zwirnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: zwirnen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twiznāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twiznāną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*twiʀn",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "twine"
},
"expansion": "*twiʀn (“twine”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *twiznāną. Equivalent to *twiʀn (“twine”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*twiʀnēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twiʀnēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to twine, wind threads"
],
"id": "en-twiʀnēn-gmw-pro-verb-oWktBTk5",
"links": [
[
"twine",
"twine"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"threads",
"threads"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "twiʀnēn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*twīnian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *twīnian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *twīnian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "twynen",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: twynen\nEnglish: twine\nScots: twine",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: twynen\nEnglish: twine\nScots: twine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*twīnia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *twīnia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *twīnia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "twienje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: twienje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: twienje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "twynje",
"3": "twine"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: twynje, twine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: twynje, twine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*twirnōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *twirnōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *twirnōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "twernen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: twernen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: twernen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "twernen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: twernen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: twernen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*twirnon",
"3": "*twīnon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *twirnon, *twīnon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *twirnon, *twīnon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "twernen",
"3": "twinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: twernen, twinen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: twernen, twinen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "tweernen",
"3": "twijnen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: tweernen, twijnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: tweernen, twijnen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zwirnēn",
"3": "zwirnōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: zwirnēn, zwirnōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: zwirnēn, zwirnōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zwirnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zwirnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zwirnen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zwirnen"
},
"expansion": "German: zwirnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: zwirnen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twiznāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twiznāną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*twiʀn",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "twine"
},
"expansion": "*twiʀn (“twine”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *twiznāną. Equivalent to *twiʀn (“twine”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*twiʀnēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twiʀnēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (denominative)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Crafts"
],
"glosses": [
"to twine, wind threads"
],
"links": [
[
"twine",
"twine"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"threads",
"threads"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "twiʀnēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for twiʀnēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.